Computer Engineering vs. Computer Science

Author: University of North Dakota
March 13, 2024

The key difference between computer science and computer engineering lies in their focus: computer science delves into software development and theoretical computing, while computer engineering emphasizes the integration of hardware and software systems.

Computer science and computer engineering are pillars of innovation and progress. The importance of these fields lies in their collective contribution to shaping the digital era, from the intricate algorithms driving artificial intelligence to the seamless integration of hardware and software in computing systems. Although these disciplines often collaborate harmoniously, they maintain clear distinctions in their objectives and methodologies.

For those contemplating between a computer science and computer engineering degree, an understanding of their unique characteristics is paramount. So, read on as we explore the intricacies of these fields, from their core focus to their curricula, career paths and more.

Understanding the Basics

In navigating education and career choices, understanding the basics is essential. The primary distinction between computer science and computer engineering lies in their definitions and focus areas.

Computer Engineering

Computer engineering (CE) is a field that merges principles from both electrical engineering and computer science. Its purpose is to help design and construct various software and hardware components of different computing systems and computer-controlled equipment, as well as help maintain them after implementation. The field is crucial in advancing technology by innovating and optimizing the performance, efficiency and reliability of computing systems.

Computer Science

Computer science (CS) is a broad field encompassing the study and application of various principles, theories and techniques related to computation and information processing. It explores the conceptual foundations of computing, algorithmic problem-solving and the design and implementation of software systems. Professionals in this field engage in solving complex problems, developing cutting-edge technologies and creating software applications that impact various industries.

Curriculum Differences

The next crucial step in choosing between CS vs. CE involves closely examining their respective curricula. While courses may vary between institutions, a broad overview can highlight the distinct focus of each discipline.

Computer Engineering

Some common subjects found in computer engineering programs include:

• Computer Organization and Architecture
• Microprocessor Systems
• Operating Systems
• Computer Networks
• Data Structures and Algorithms
• Electronic Circuits and Systems
• Robotics and Control Systems
• Computer Graphics
• Digital Logic Design
• Database Management Systems

Computer Science

Similarly, computer science programs encompass various subjects related to computing, such as:

• Programming Fundamentals
• Data Structures and Algorithms
• Theory of Computation
• Computer Organization and Architecture
• Operating Systems
• Database Management Systems
• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Computer Networks
• Web Development

Career Opportunities

Both computer engineering and computer science provide diverse and rewarding career paths, enabling professionals to contribute to technological advancements across various industries. Graduates from either discipline can pursue common career paths, including roles such as data analyst, machine learning engineer and more.

Computer Engineering

The extensive knowledge and skills gained in computer engineering pave the way for various career paths, such as:

• Big data engineer: Focuses on designing and implementing systems to process and analyze large data sets, optimizing data storage and ensuring efficient data retrieval.
• Blockchain developer/engineer: Specializes in creating decentralized and secure blockchain applications, implementing smart contracts and maintaining the integrity of distributed ledgers.
• Computer network architect: Plans and designs computer networks, including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), to fulfill organizational data communication needs.
• Computer systems analyst: Analyzes and designs information systems, identifies business requirements and proposes technology solutions to enhance efficiency and productivity.
• Database administrator: Manages and optimizes databases, ensuring data integrity, security and efficient access through data modeling and performance tuning.
• Information security analyst: Safeguards computer systems and networks from security breaches and implements measures to protect sensitive information.
• Full-stack developer: Engages in both front-end and back-end development of web applications.
• Information systems manager: Directs the planning, implementation and management of information systems in an organization, aligning them with business goals and objectives.

Computer Science

A degree in Computer Science opens the door to a multitude of career opportunities, including roles such as:

• Data scientist: Specializes in analyzing complex data sets to derive meaningful insights, employing statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms to guide business decisions.
• Application analyst: Focuses on analyzing and optimizing software applications to align with user needs and organizational goals.
• Cybersecurity analyst: Works on analyzing and bolstering the security of computer systems and networks against cyber threats and vulnerabilities.
• Forensic computer analyst: Investigates and analyzes digital evidence for legal cases, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of digital data.
• Games developer: Develops and programs video games, focusing on graphics, physics and gameplay mechanics.
• Penetration tester: Conducts simulated cyber-attacks to identify and address vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks, enhancing security.
• Software engineer: Engages in the design, coding, testing and maintenance of software applications across various platforms, focusing on user requirements and software functionality.
• Systems analyst: Analyzes and designs information systems, identifies business needs, and recommends technology solutions to boost efficiency and productivity.

Skill Sets and Traits for Success

Both computer engineering and computer science require a combination of technical expertise, problem-solving abilities and continuous learning to succeed in their respective fields of technology.

Computer Engineering

Key skills for computer engineering encompass:

• Proficiency in designing and developing computer hardware components.
• Knowledge of integrating hardware and software in system designs.
• Expertise in creating, implementing and managing computer networks.
• Proficiency in programming languages pertinent to hardware and embedded systems.
• Skills in processing and manipulating digital signals.
• Knowledge of very large-scale integration (VLSI) design techniques for integrated circuits and semiconductor devices.
• Strong analytical and problem-solving abilities.
• Effective project management skills.

Computer Science

Essential skills and traits in computer science encompass:

• Proficiency in multiple programming languages and coding practices.
• Strong understanding of algorithms and data structures.
• Familiarity with machine learning and artificial intelligence concepts.
• Skills in designing, implementing and managing databases.
• Understanding of cybersecurity principles.
• Proficiency in web development technologies.
• Ability to analyze and interpret large datasets.
• Strong critical thinking skills.

Financial Considerations

Financially, careers in computer engineering and computer science can be quite rewarding, but earnings vary depending on factors like education, experience, specialization and location. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer and information technology occupations are renowned for offering lucrative salaries, with an average annual income of $100,530. However, it’s crucial to note that the exact earning potential can vary significantly within the diverse spectrum of roles in these fields.

As per the BLS data, specific roles in computer engineering can command even higher salaries. For instance, computer hardware engineers earn an impressive average of $132,360 per year, reflecting the specialized nature of their work in designing and developing computer hardware components. Similarly, computer and information research scientists who delve into cutting-edge technological advancements earn an average of $136,620 annually. These salary differences highlight how specialized skills and the specific nature of a role can influence earning potential in the fields of computer engineering and science.

Future Outlook

The job outlook for computer science and computer engineering within the broader spectrum of IT occupations is promising, as indicated by data from the BLS. They project that overall employment in computer and information technology occupations will grow much faster than the average for all occupations from 2022 to 2032. A staggering 377,500 openings are anticipated annually, on average, within these occupations.

This growth is attributed to both the continual expansion of employment opportunities in the field and the need to replace workers who permanently leave these occupations. Therefore, as the demand for technology professionals continues to surge, individuals pursuing degrees in computer science and computer engineering can anticipate a favorable job market with great opportunities for growth and advancement.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Degree

When deciding between a computer science and a computer engineering degree, it’s important to consider several key factors to ensure the program aligns with your academic and career goals.

Firstly, evaluate the primary focus of each discipline in relation to your career aspirations. Computer science is centered on software development, algorithms and theoretical computing aspects. If your interest lies in creating software applications, exploring artificial intelligence or software development, a computer science degree would be ideal. On the other hand, computer engineering, which combines hardware and software knowledge, is more suited for those keen on designing and developing computer systems, hardware components and embedded systems. Opt for a computer engineering degree if you are fascinated by the interplay of hardware and software and aim to work in system design or embedded technologies.

Additionally, it’s essential to assess each program’s curriculum. Choose a program whose curriculum resonates with your specific interests and professional objectives. Reviewing the coursework will help you determine which degree offers the knowledge and skills needed for your desired career path.

The Bottom Line

Computer science and computer engineering are indispensable fields within the broader technological landscape, offering boundless opportunities for learning, growth and innovation. Despite sharing commonalities, such as collaborative work on cutting-edge technologies, these disciplines diverge in their focuses, curricula and subsequent career paths. Ultimately, the choice between CS and CE is a matter of personal passion, career aspirations and the specific facets of technology that captivate one’s curiosity.

Regardless of your path, the University of North Dakota is poised to support you every step of the way. Our CS programs offer a comprehensive range of opportunities, from a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science to master's and Ph.D. programs designed for students seeking advanced expertise. 

For those inclined toward computer engineering, we have various relevant degrees, including a bachelor’s degree in Data Science as well as a bachelor’s and master’s in Electrical Engineering. Whatever your choice, UND is committed to nurturing your growth, ensuring a fulfilling exploration of the intricate world of technology and its possibilities.

FAQs