How to Become a Structural Engineer: Steps and Requirements

Author: University of North Dakota
June 20, 2024

Imagine a world where bridges tremble under the strain of everyday traffic, buildings crumble without a moment's notice and stadiums falter under the weight of their occupants.

These scenarios are not just disastrous but could become our harsh reality without the critical expertise of structural engineers. 

These professionals' work safeguards our infrastructure, making this field absolutely essential to modern civilization. The role of a structural engineer is integral in maintaining the safety and stability of the environments we live and work in every day. 

If you're intrigued by the challenge of upholding such crucial standards and want to contribute to society's safety, keep reading to learn how to become a structural engineer. Let's build your foundation of knowledge and engineer a pathway into this career.

What is a Structural Engineer?

A structural engineer is a professional in the field of civil engineering who specializes in designing and analyzing structural systems crucial for supporting or resisting various loads. Tasked with a profound responsibility, these engineers ensure that buildings, bridges and an array of other structures are safe, stable and strong enough to withstand forces such as gravity, weather conditions and everyday use by humans.

What Does a Structural Engineer Do?

A structural engineer's day-to-day tasks involve a mix of analysis, design and communication to ensure the integrity and safety of various structures. Some of the specific responsibilities they hold include:

• Using mathematical models and software to predict how structures will withstand forces and stresses 
• Creating plans for elements like beams, columns and floors that are capable of enduring different types of loads 
• Working alongside architects to integrate structural requirements with aesthetic and functional designs 
• Verifying that designs adhere to local and national safety standards and regulations 
• Visiting sites to ensure construction adheres to the plans and safety norms 
• Advising on alterations to existing structures to improve safety or functionality 
• Documenting analysis findings, project progress and compliance with codes 
• Overseeing project timelines, budgets and resource allocation 
• Ensuring that all parties are aligned on the project specifications and changes 
• Evaluating potential risks related to structural integrity and environmental impacts 
• Advising on the best materials and construction techniques for optimal structural performance 
• Assisting teams in understanding complex structural concepts and applications 

How to Become a Structural Engineer

Becoming a structural engineer requires formal education, practical training and obtaining licensure. Each step is designed to build upon the last, equipping aspiring engineers with the necessary skills, knowledge and credentials to succeed in this critical field. Below, we'll explore step by step how to become a structural engineer.

Earn a Bachelor's Degree

Firstly, starting a career as a structural engineer requires earning a bachelor's degree in civil engineering or a field closely related to it, such as architectural engineering with a focus on structures. This initial academic foundation is essential because it introduces students to fundamental engineering principles, along with the mathematics and science necessary to analyze and solve complex structural issues. 

The coursework during this degree includes general engineering theory as well as specialized subjects specifically designed to equip students with the skills to design, construct and maintain infrastructures ranging from bridges to skyscrapers. 

These courses are meticulously structured to prepare graduates for the diverse technical challenges they will encounter in the professional world, laying the groundwork for successful careers in structural engineering.

Gain Work Experience

Once they have earned their degree, aspiring structural engineers must seek practical experience to build upon their academic foundation. This essential next step typically involves participating in internships, cooperative (co-op) education programs or securing entry-level positions in engineering firms.

These real-world opportunities are crucial as they allow new graduates to apply their classroom knowledge to actual engineering projects. Engaging directly in the field helps budding engineers develop practical skills, such as how to effectively communicate with project teams, manage deadlines and apply engineering principles to solve real problems. Moreover, these experiences give them a firsthand look at the day-to-day responsibilities of a structural engineer, from conducting site inspections to drafting technical reports.

Earn a Master's Degree 

Pursuing a master's degree in civil engineering or structural engineering, while not always required, can significantly enhance one's expertise and career opportunities in the field. These advanced programs allow for deeper specialization and provide a more thorough understanding of complex topics such as seismic design, structural dynamics and the use of advanced materials in construction.

For those eager to advance even further into research and specialized knowledge, earning a Ph.D. in civil engineering can be a transformative step. A doctorate opens up opportunities for academic careers and high-level research positions, setting individuals apart as experts in their field.

Obtain a PE License

Finally, obtaining a Professional Engineering (PE) license is essential for structural engineers who want to advance in their careers. This licensure process begins with passing the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, which candidates usually take shortly after earning their bachelor's degree. 

After accumulating the necessary work experience, typically around four years, engineers are then eligible to take the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam, specifically focusing on structural engineering.

Securing a PE license is more than a professional milestone; it validates an engineer's expertise and commitment to maintaining industry standards. With this license, structural engineers gain the authority to supervise other engineers, approve and sign off on structural designs and take on several other critical responsibilities that ensure the safety and reliability of engineering projects.

Work Environment

Structural engineers work in various settings, depending on the nature of their projects. They're primarily found in office environments, designing structures and planning projects. However, their roles also extend beyond the office to construction sites, where they oversee the implementation of their designs and ensure compliance with their plans. 

Additionally, structural engineers frequently visit existing structures to conduct assessments and inspections, ensuring that buildings and infrastructures remain safe and secure throughout their use.

Skills Required for a Structural Engineer

Success as a structural engineer demands a specific set of skills and competencies, including but not limited to:

• Ability to solve complex problems through logical reasoning and detailed analysis
• Skilled use of industry-specific software, such as AutoCAD, Revit and SAP2000, for designing and modeling structures
• Strong grasp of calculus, statistics and other mathematical principles critical for engineering calculations
• Meticulous attention to detail to ensure the safety and compliance of structural designs
• Capability to oversee projects from conception through completion, managing time, resources and personnel effectively
• Clear and effective communication, both written and verbal, to articulate complex information to non-engineers and collaborate with teams
• Comprehensive understanding of current building codes, regulations and safety standards
• Ability to perform site visits and analyze construction environments to ensure alignment with design specifications
• Creativity in designing safe, functional but also cost-efficient and innovative structures

Job Outlook and Salary

The job outlook for civil engineering, which includes structural engineering, is positive. Employment is expected to grow by 5% from 2022 to 2032, reflecting ongoing needs for infrastructure improvements and modernizations.

In terms of compensation, structural engineers in the United States typically earn a substantial income, with an average annual wage nearing six figures at $99,400. Moreover, those in the top percentile of the field can earn up to $152,000 per year, highlighting the lucrative potential for those with advanced skills and experience.

Conclusion

As societies continue to grow and the demand for innovative and sustainable infrastructure increases, the role of structural engineers becomes even more crucial. The field offers a rewarding career path with the opportunity for professional growth, high compensation and a tangible sense of accomplishment as engineers see their projects shape the physical world. 

For those with a passion for problem-solving, design and engineering, a career in structural engineering can be a fulfilling pursuit that makes a significant difference in the world around us.

So, explore the UND's undergraduate and graduate programs tailored to launch your career in civil engineering and its various disciplines, including an exceptional accelerated Civil Engineering degree program that enables students to progress swiftly through their studies. 

Join UND and build a solid foundation for your future in a program that does more than teach you how to construct environments; it prepares you to transform them.

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